{"id":"W2316740112","doi":"10.1021/ef501826g","title":"Asphaltene Subfractions Responsible for Stabilizing Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsions. Part 1: Interfacial Behaviors","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Fuels","topic":"Petroleum Processing and Analysis","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":190,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Asphaltene; Emulsion; Toluene; Chemical engineering; Adsorption; Crude oil; Chemistry; Fraction (chemistry); Chromatography; Organic chemistry; Materials science; Petroleum engineering; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001459669,0.0004461035,0.0002247656,0.0004034938,0.0001633433,0.0002101444,0.0001761942,0.0001846468,0.0005723636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002082447,0.0001231569,0.0002568154,0.0002428496,0.0001853816,0.0003169034,0.0001927543,0.0004459951,0.0002317368],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000158911,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001668797,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006075253,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001104988,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999056,0.000008556442,0.0000103298,0.00002331887,0.00003221892,0.00002000482],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999108,0.00001330505,0.00002877651,0.000008325848,0.00001946815,0.00001942901],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002568399,0.00000874514,0.00008417184,0.00002302585,0.000003333451,0.00001198901,0.00000698967,0.00004082082,0.9989366,0.00002813277,0.000005828203,0.0008246964],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001857018,0.00005013344,0.0006932747,0.000001597863,0.000008737513,0.00002397923,0.000005056855,0.0001473648,0.9985766,0.00001112651,0.0004788495,0.000001328871],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9865245,0.002926947,0.008806336,0.00004240541,0.00002610163,0.00009335593,0.0003261377,0.0000615787,0.001192745],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9896705,0.001562371,0.006688661,0.00003299374,0.00001081039,0.00004357239,0.0004643761,0.0000302912,0.00149639],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0006075253,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00191474,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01619775558772103,"score_gpt":0.2628732492848675,"score_spread":0.2466754936971465,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}