{"id":"W2316810515","doi":"10.7451/cbe.2014.56.2.1","title":"Simulation of Draft Forces of a Sweep in a Loamy Sand Soil Using the Discrete Element Method","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Biosystems Engineering","topic":"Soil Mechanics and Vehicle Dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Loam; Discrete element method; Stiffness; Hull; Geotechnical engineering; Particle (ecology); Soil science; Soil water; Geology; Environmental science; Mechanics; Engineering; Structural engineering; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004046313,0.0001283014,0.0002291848,0.0002486423,0.00002104838,0.00001441153,0.0001301998,0.00007653145,0.000002368545],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000486355,0.0001170671,0.00005008865,0.0002662343,0.000006295706,0.00005185407,0.00001160575,0.00009149452,3.039652e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001688589,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000329859,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02133779,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02489087,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991665,0.00002344872,0.0003447052,0.0001030064,0.0001062263,0.0002560536],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995113,0.0001023551,0.00005066666,0.0002066548,0.00003247384,0.00009657159],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[8.097613e-7,0.000001013348,0.0002849157,0.0002320427,0.00002251597,6.734551e-7,0.0002802614,0.9866435,0.01012782,0.0008450463,8.238979e-7,0.001560573],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001620785,0.00001264617,0.0002625442,0.0001873364,0.00001219741,0.00000156381,0.00009600043,0.9954696,0.003344869,0.00001388387,0.0003150796,0.0001221423],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7524099,0.0001984248,0.2467046,0.00001162167,0.0002787287,0.0002090024,0.00002482865,0.00003102101,0.0001318096],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989787,0.00000452678,0.0009141231,0.00000465265,0.00005122169,0.00000731153,0.000003974325,0.00003310639,0.000002420785],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2465687,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9929023,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008987687667341714,"score_gpt":0.2228095802192392,"score_spread":0.2138218925518975,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}