{"id":"W2317367423","doi":"10.1021/ef3004027","title":"A Study of Particle Size Effect on Biomass Torrefaction and Densification","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Fuels","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":144,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Torrefaction; Pellets; Materials science; Particle size; Pelletizing; Thermogravimetric analysis; Particle (ecology); Sawdust; Thermal diffusivity; Pyrolysis; Composite material; Chemical engineering; Pulp and paper industry; Thermodynamics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005826686,0.0004329254,0.0004164899,0.0003122727,0.0001372579,0.0002332844,0.0002666507,0.0002187178,0.001378394],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001177192,0.0002643434,0.0004122654,0.0002461951,0.0001937502,0.0003559673,0.0001346119,0.0002910982,0.0002788736],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002039908,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001293148,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00190387,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002569142,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996654,0.00004120337,0.00002109773,0.00009513061,0.000137005,0.00004009951],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988023,0.0007336423,0.0001276849,0.00007830318,0.0002201,0.00003793564],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002480098,0.00003786087,0.001857136,0.00008256739,0.00002071942,0.0000713326,0.00005569967,0.0008265014,0.9908664,0.00004245068,0.00003206369,0.0058592],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006557342,0.000387047,0.01447655,0.000003141243,0.00002657545,0.00006722374,0.00001961611,0.001901047,0.9827337,0.00001448081,0.0003540458,0.000009992956],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9934822,0.001234028,0.003663977,0.00001772649,0.00002194311,0.00003332648,0.0002479028,0.000065135,0.001233733],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965819,0.0005958866,0.001727417,0.00001457896,0.000007500854,0.00001971724,0.0002127211,0.00003824799,0.0008021785],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00190387,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004611194,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01030921373460606,"score_gpt":0.2203724831336417,"score_spread":0.2100632693990356,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}