{"id":"W2317644171","doi":"10.1017/s0012217313000656","title":"Lotteries, Knowledge, and Irrelevant Alternatives","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Dialogue","topic":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Lottery; Assertion; Epistemology; Positive economics; Mathematical economics; Economics; Computer science; Philosophy; Microeconomics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000101208,0.0001095375,0.0001621099,0.00003929494,0.0001722051,0.0001161287,0.00009087239,0.00004075236,0.0005006568],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004113615,0.00008770596,0.00003804126,0.00001119595,0.0005936116,0.0001966161,0.00004895638,0.0001303248,0.0006058333],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007646589,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001812465,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008305171,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001490702,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994118,0.00006211329,0.0001361215,0.0001619875,0.00005551889,0.0001724962],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995192,0.0001410163,0.00004693339,0.0001301805,0.0001043981,0.00005829043],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004423581,0.00009533275,0.0007935417,0.00007421294,0.00005958524,0.000003571462,0.08907149,1.724908e-7,0.0003092448,0.872747,0.02407513,0.01276629],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002884409,0.00009196538,0.003882258,0.00002695182,0.00002072089,0.000002670926,0.002191069,0.00003563628,0.0002386479,0.08594793,0.9070454,0.0002283372],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6255637,0.002923516,0.00007547437,0.001932937,0.002947191,0.0003514519,0.00007077837,0.0001411885,0.3659937],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9826564,0.0001868211,0.00005858185,0.0006204642,0.001065706,0.00003528083,0.00003153302,0.00001574764,0.0153295],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8829703,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7786964,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0467119708768763,"score_gpt":0.2588955233661194,"score_spread":0.2121835524892431,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}