{"id":"W2317644171","doi":"10.1017/s0012217313000656","title":"Lotteries, Knowledge, and Irrelevant Alternatives","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Dialogue","topic":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Lottery; Assertion; Epistemology; Positive economics; Mathematical economics; Economics; Computer science; Philosophy; Microeconomics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01817377,0.0005986223,0.000818316,0.002522153,0.004968015,0.007108598,0.002215373,0.005742101,0.004162971],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0353864,0.0005197132,0.001073719,0.001575997,0.04991395,0.01797874,0.005365652,0.007322823,0.0003991745],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004390064,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00250827,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014457,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001053883,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9819718,0.01270917,0.0006377581,0.001437632,0.002559388,0.0006843091],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9638263,0.02853886,0.002045986,0.00304304,0.001747908,0.0007979795],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005156592,0.000003118767,0.00002880621,0.00001154062,0.000002230383,0.00002343463,0.000485615,0.0001093288,0.00002153803,0.9984688,0.000142335,0.0006980489],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003752637,0.000002060661,0.0000190138,0.00001211754,0.000001464202,0.00001283695,0.0001684884,0.0002640549,0.00003387616,0.9982352,0.001243847,0.000003269327],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1399978,0.007346613,0.3734242,0.1047376,0.001078052,0.0001500177,0.0001661659,0.0001861076,0.3729134],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9780779,0.0007511608,0.01470379,0.002295105,0.0002911369,0.0001043759,0.00003141489,0.0000407905,0.003704409],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01817377,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0961132,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0467119708768763,"score_gpt":0.2588955233661194,"score_spread":0.2121835524892431,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}