{"id":"W2318016036","doi":"10.1021/jz2007484","title":"Exclusion of Nitrate to the Air–Ice Interface During Freezing","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters","topic":"Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Ice crystals; Nitrate; Chemistry; Chemical physics; Materials science; Mineralogy; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Geology; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001392398,0.0001220863,0.0002021094,0.00000741,0.0001205921,0.000006526077,0.0004298357,0.0000117123,0.00006735989],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001101931,0.00006433982,0.0001557321,0.0001023594,0.0001036922,0.00005976317,0.0001467463,0.0003300055,0.000005553746],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002312105,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008657578,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004708437,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.465291e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993015,0.00002775107,0.0002321919,0.00007495915,0.0001872206,0.0001764102],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993824,0.0001026951,0.0002374786,0.0001709603,0.0000501322,0.00005635036],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001192071,0.00007516228,0.0002151675,0.00001688391,0.0000911859,9.067619e-7,0.002534295,0.0002129266,0.9962916,0.00003438513,0.0003428091,0.00006548443],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001879967,0.00002557454,0.0006202228,0.00006939897,0.00006302236,0.000003361267,0.0007347194,0.00003445569,0.9977339,0.0003884569,0.00006272829,0.00007618615],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961339,0.00003167353,0.00103357,0.001514723,0.00003439441,0.00004094054,0.000004225774,0.000004166727,0.001202412],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991223,0.000001437523,0.0000502426,0.0001051486,0.0006910026,0.000001369011,2.489901e-7,0.000008980052,0.00001924978],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002988427,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2623702,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01169831471846796,"score_gpt":0.2379938571343282,"score_spread":0.2262955424158603,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}