{"id":"W2319661197","doi":"10.1021/ie500769s","title":"Leaching Characteristics of Inorganic Constituents from Oil Palm Residues by Water","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; University of British Columbia","funders":"Biomass Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Leaching (pedology); Pulp and paper industry; Fouling; Chemistry; Palm kernel; Raw material; Potassium; Water content; Wood ash; Palm oil; Environmental science; Metallurgy; Materials science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005221612,0.0002407307,0.0003480678,0.00007285534,0.00005881104,0.00006319144,0.0005388757,0.0004220181,0.0004489271],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000800533,0.00022797,0.00005629564,0.0002385864,0.0001162641,0.00009860577,0.0001745535,0.001030412,0.00005538495],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001327684,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003871721,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004786951,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.009718e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981133,0.00003593153,0.0004274135,0.0002993932,0.0005425492,0.0005814278],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988605,0.0003748173,0.0000332943,0.0003942511,0.0001291855,0.0002079277],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002105091,0.00002032297,0.0007111059,0.0002236054,0.00005806112,0.000003466687,0.00006377103,0.00008183121,0.9945209,0.000003503086,0.001604785,0.002687579],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005570268,0.00001130856,0.0000259519,0.0001795463,0.00001151886,0.000001437423,0.0000268419,0.0007231693,0.9901961,0.00001387675,0.008012707,0.0002404767],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983482,0.0001379572,0.00003318773,0.0000589005,0.0002498084,0.0000503567,0.0001033612,0.0002584563,0.0007597316],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989697,0.00004013137,0.00002317199,0.00000299212,0.0004878693,0.00001303599,0.0001852376,0.00006204462,0.0002157946],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006407923,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9296345,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02759613331030247,"score_gpt":0.2493897801840419,"score_spread":0.2217936468737394,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}