{"id":"W2320609374","doi":"10.2514/6.2011-3859","title":"Preponderance of hairpin vortices detected from very-large-scale, direct numerical simulations of three flat-plate boundary layers","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"20th AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"U.S. Department of Energy; Canada Research Chairs; U.S. Department of Defense","keywords":"Vortex; Scale (ratio); Physics; Boundary (topology); Boundary value problem; Mechanics; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001250676,0.0003095306,0.0002520418,0.0003604254,0.0003305814,0.0004929061,0.0003641337,0.0003651562,0.0009677298],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004364777,0.0001456491,0.0002748184,0.0002543205,0.0005134445,0.00021843,0.0002855947,0.0003657514,0.00008285644],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003923579,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003198317,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004536545,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003595141,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999223,0.00000715445,0.000003972591,0.00001289538,0.00002902265,0.00002472796],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997951,0.0000564372,0.00003064385,0.00002701516,0.00003237876,0.00005839031],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007569877,0.0005699776,0.06635961,0.0002110051,0.0001800746,0.001617882,0.0006246371,0.6264932,0.2820423,0.002765936,0.001358498,0.01701996],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007640492,0.0003252752,0.05952249,0.00001949202,0.00002991848,0.000186331,0.0003095869,0.8837351,0.05440931,0.0006169844,0.0007104102,0.00005872913],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972895,0.00003602166,0.001615485,0.00002941135,0.000007545879,0.000007758742,0.0001440696,0.00009263528,0.0007776392],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975152,0.00002134134,0.002039393,0.000009912614,0.000001259075,0.000006236811,0.0002388742,0.00001309894,0.0001547162],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004536545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009020269,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01422956168974265,"score_gpt":0.211213914708737,"score_spread":0.1969843530189944,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}