{"id":"W2321769014","doi":"10.1021/jp509356k","title":"Interactions of Urea with Native and Unfolded Proteins: A Volumetric Study","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Physical Chemistry B","topic":"Protein Structure and Dynamics","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Urea; Chemistry; Lysozyme; Chymotrypsinogen; Ribonuclease; Crystallography; Thermodynamics; Partial specific volume; Solvent; Organic chemistry; Biochemistry; Enzyme; Trypsin","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003030763,0.0002850787,0.0002692265,0.0006280775,0.0003152691,0.0003409121,0.0005108411,0.0002058081,0.0005350816],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007275299,0.0001913256,0.0003519078,0.0004005389,0.0006149497,0.0005466483,0.0004580703,0.0003605299,0.0001283092],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002526715,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001964923,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006794769,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004062306,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997527,0.00003174304,0.000007822486,0.0000348054,0.0001186725,0.0000541614],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999647,0.0001526549,0.00008747642,0.00002244045,0.00005237038,0.00003812258],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000101048,0.00006794552,0.004433624,0.00008422058,0.00004971612,0.0001642322,0.0001192364,0.0136914,0.9702972,0.002647717,0.00005153621,0.008292115],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000162402,0.0007032841,0.02281655,0.00002028363,0.000071064,0.0006944867,0.00016815,0.2456017,0.7244462,0.00315469,0.002238548,0.00006873651],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9651124,0.0009632696,0.032498,0.00003826929,0.000008320933,0.00002538447,0.00006056429,0.00007224704,0.001221531],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957772,0.0003918272,0.003407595,0.00002001512,0.00001576978,0.00002815812,0.00009300713,0.00001458684,0.0002517101],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0006794769,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0018332,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004114525869105498,"score_gpt":0.2375747147198607,"score_spread":0.2334601888507553,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}