{"id":"W2322511421","doi":"10.4067/s0718-95162016005000011","title":"Thresholds of copper toxicity to lettuce in field-collected agricultural soils exposed to copper mining activities in Chile","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of soil science and plant nutrition","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Soil water; Phytotoxicity; Shoot; Environmental chemistry; Copper; Contamination; Copper toxicity; Nutrient; Metal toxicity; Agronomy; Toxicity; Chemistry; Environmental science; Soil pH; Biology; Soil science; Heavy metals; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002945378,0.0004185586,0.0003847169,0.0007358828,0.0004274907,0.0005905263,0.0003556052,0.0003412993,0.0005694108],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003455598,0.0002441881,0.000219696,0.0003682679,0.0003722963,0.0003179719,0.0004685998,0.000320979,0.0001754276],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009310144,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006090591,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01373541,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01875836,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997476,0.00002821488,0.00002393308,0.0001109439,0.00004553857,0.00004372307],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995388,0.00008100101,0.0001502894,0.00003308521,0.0001326249,0.00006427978],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005394736,0.0001422539,0.1569418,0.0002671594,0.0000432894,0.0004830025,0.001123792,0.0003253355,0.8351648,0.00004649083,0.00008353526,0.00483891],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002320035,0.0008750064,0.9214229,0.00004874895,0.00003726031,0.0003077819,0.002846048,0.0005760694,0.0725808,0.0001369102,0.001119279,0.00002607806],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991059,0.0001514564,0.0001827294,0.00001009058,0.000001321891,0.00001502477,0.0002187202,0.000008714749,0.0003060046],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982317,0.0001793472,0.0003728602,0.00002278078,0.000001722813,0.00003709681,0.0004446382,0.000006509255,0.0007034319],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01373541,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02731091,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0138689810872309,"score_gpt":0.2263959054644896,"score_spread":0.2125269243772587,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}