{"id":"W2322511421","doi":"10.4067/s0718-95162016005000011","title":"Thresholds of copper toxicity to lettuce in field-collected agricultural soils exposed to copper mining activities in Chile","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of soil science and plant nutrition","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Soil water; Phytotoxicity; Shoot; Environmental chemistry; Copper; Contamination; Copper toxicity; Nutrient; Metal toxicity; Agronomy; Toxicity; Chemistry; Environmental science; Soil pH; Biology; Soil science; Heavy metals; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001025273,0.00009400448,0.0002071309,0.0002040142,0.00006882368,0.00002373345,0.0002058272,0.00005155077,0.00007225588],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001943059,0.00005960924,0.00002672001,0.0005502894,0.0001490436,0.0006135983,0.00008940776,0.00009098091,0.000007400215],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003033164,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002899763,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008063537,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005688607,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985331,0.00005349822,0.0003583864,0.0001835313,0.000607874,0.0002636173],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994825,0.000155443,0.0001178566,0.00007971742,0.0000139987,0.0001505313],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001204543,0.0001874578,0.05764525,0.000006612688,0.000001560349,0.00001218355,0.00117355,0.000322892,0.9347621,0.000003545693,0.002247313,0.003517145],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006498455,0.0004578772,0.5494092,0.0003803385,0.000002276832,0.0000600374,0.0007013998,0.00002921477,0.447836,0.00003410523,0.0003266666,0.0001130154],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972321,0.00002621683,0.00002390435,0.001830674,0.00008638343,0.0001783141,0.00001141225,0.000002396255,0.0006085972],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987523,0.000144633,0.0007051562,0.0003221453,0.00003432439,0.000008041116,3.135505e-7,0.000002602236,0.0000305093],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4917639,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2430794,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0138689810872309,"score_gpt":0.2263959054644896,"score_spread":0.2125269243772587,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}