{"id":"W2322730281","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-444-63455-9.50115-x","title":"Techno-economic Analysis of a Thermochemical Lignocellulosic Biomass-to-Butanol Process","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Computer-aided chemical engineering/Computer aided chemical engineering","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Lignocellulosic biomass; Biomass (ecology); Biochemical engineering; Butanol; Process (computing); Process integration; Biofuel; Production (economics); Economic analysis; Process engineering; Computer science; Waste management; Engineering; Chemistry; Economics; Agricultural economics; Microeconomics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002961264,0.002596445,0.003953363,0.00277405,0.00005451783,0.0001693538,0.002528395,0.002170294,0.0002058125],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005638142,0.003078637,0.00217572,0.00126777,0.0001877651,0.000210102,0.001150509,0.001823179,0.0002094332],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001418053,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000793068,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001059484,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.457493e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9923531,0.00001044726,0.002654916,0.002238241,0.001061419,0.001681843],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9953308,0.0005113924,0.0004366311,0.002272738,0.0002519346,0.001196537],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000349697,0.00004898823,0.000003581733,0.001519181,0.004098384,0.00004170703,0.0001205251,0.4518236,0.5374708,0.0009428895,0.0007321318,0.003163293],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005663121,0.00007147394,0.000003164785,0.0005445633,0.001241563,0.00004120231,7.402365e-7,0.5950356,0.3984559,0.00006155825,0.002121606,0.001856394],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2515958,0.0008298213,0.7348031,0.00009878678,0.002600257,0.001552585,0.00041755,0.006490069,0.001612048],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9325043,0.00004606875,0.05970502,0.0001189539,0.003414143,0.0002000447,0.001990937,0.001553022,0.000467492],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6809085,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991251,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004552308704635986,"score_gpt":0.1755660656960077,"score_spread":0.1710137569913717,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}