{"id":"W2322877944","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/11/05/p05013","title":"Beam-induced and cosmic-ray backgrounds observed in the ATLAS detector during the LHC 2012 proton-proton running period","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Instrumentation","topic":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; University of British Columbia; York University; TRIUMF; Carleton University; University of Victoria; McGill University; University of Toronto; University of Alberta; Université de Montréal; Institute of Particle Physics","funders":"H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions; Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fondation Partager le Savoir; European Social Fund; Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique; Georgian National Science Foundation; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; National Research Center \"Kurchatov Institute\"; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Israel Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; Israeli Centers for Research Excellence; Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research; Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft; Generalitat de Catalunya; Generalitat Valenciana; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies; Austrian Science Fund; Ontario Innovation Trust; National Natural Science Foundation of China; European Commission; Leverhulme Trust; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Services Fédéraux des Affaires Scientifiques, Techniques et Culturelles; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; General Secretariat for Research and Technology; National Science Foundation; Compute Canada; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung; TRIUMF; Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (COLCIENCIAS); CERN; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond; Canarie","keywords":"Physics; Cosmic ray; Large Hadron Collider; Muon; Proton; Nuclear physics; Beam (structure); Bunches; Atlas (anatomy); Detector; Monte Carlo method; COSMIC cancer database; Astrophysics; Optics; Electron","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002448683,0.0001032122,0.000131161,0.00002296082,0.0001986893,0.00007485562,0.0001273896,0.00001400102,0.00004152274],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005080093,0.00004690484,0.00006114093,0.00008678759,0.00008238695,0.0004113437,0.00004256431,0.0001171086,0.000005779076],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005032542,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001390154,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003089865,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001342041,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992141,0.00006629733,0.0002866513,0.0000854991,0.000183727,0.0001637386],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995941,0.0000566819,0.0001983987,0.00007872684,0.00003569443,0.00003642244],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002072557,0.0001126194,0.2513587,0.00001596202,0.00007133844,0.000001722865,0.003411404,0.0000047847,0.7311129,0.00196676,0.000008283307,0.01172828],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002200042,0.0002419956,0.1079282,0.000121716,0.00002414895,0.000008716026,0.007520471,0.00003356026,0.875687,0.006011398,0.0000984589,0.0001242678],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984003,0.00004565714,0.00009750273,0.0008087784,0.00007204883,0.0003941462,0.000002153121,0.000002783435,0.0001766823],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996189,0.000008083319,0.00006108419,0.00002121099,0.0001857073,0.00008690648,4.994398e-7,0.000007018907,0.00001053176],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1445741,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1912724,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02227606511505389,"score_gpt":0.2688134767049055,"score_spread":0.2465374115898516,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}