{"id":"W2323586079","doi":"10.1155/2001/941219","title":"Underdiagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Rationale for Spirometry as a Screening Tool","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Canadian Respiratory Journal","topic":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Spirometry; Medicine; COPD; Gold standard (test); Pulmonary disease; Intensive care medicine; Population; Disease; Quality of life (healthcare); Physical therapy; Internal medicine; Asthma; Environmental health","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007357462,0.000790527,0.002226498,0.002609034,0.000575625,0.0001224828,0.0006517845,0.0005240625,0.002498462],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001130548,0.0007596293,0.001879015,0.001451919,0.0004468291,0.0003168641,0.0001031345,0.001546193,0.00007126771],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007547613,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0402684,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000614745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000828855,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9948277,0.0003680294,0.001484313,0.0008892471,0.001120563,0.001310128],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9934549,0.0005731179,0.0008640771,0.0008676142,0.0008768245,0.003363484],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001482472,0.0001500888,0.001695292,0.0219593,0.000921716,0.004404987,0.00001454335,0.00001010233,0.000002469144,0.0003929633,0.00287281,0.9674275],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001039465,0.0002295943,0.008564413,0.01396467,0.002109778,0.002091284,0.000102915,0.00003934012,0.000001637088,0.000405095,0.9708094,0.0006424185],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005491924,0.9918306,0.0002598066,0.0002060439,0.0004051134,0.0036146,0.001679689,0.00002565374,0.001429299],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0004609974,0.9919882,0.0003491711,0.000444118,0.003513758,0.0007632729,0.0004608193,0.0003023544,0.001717319],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9679366,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994855,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07241201222318958,"score_gpt":0.3493978693597599,"score_spread":0.2769858571365703,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}