{"id":"W2326355964","doi":"10.1515/cercles-2015-0003","title":"Multilingual learners and foreign language acquisition: Insights into the effects of prior linguistic knowledge","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language Learning in Higher Education","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"First language; Linguistics; Foreign language; Second-language acquisition; Developmental linguistics; Language acquisition; Psychology; Cognition; Comprehension approach; Second-language attrition; Multilingualism; Process (computing); Computer science; Language education; Mathematics education; Pedagogy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002793,0.0002888415,0.0007149391,0.001001887,0.001158803,0.004226348,0.000884941,0.001022197,0.01304784],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01720035,0.0003401685,0.0004296665,0.0008532318,0.002039357,0.003126435,0.002877411,0.001951442,0.0007977977],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001009435,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001490831,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00684147,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01049223,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979929,0.000992086,0.00006530955,0.0002511481,0.0004780822,0.0002204918],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9582151,0.03436339,0.002850642,0.0008376243,0.001269239,0.002464018],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001464112,0.007329483,0.8424021,0.0004543332,0.0002748141,0.002221507,0.07427358,0.00141828,0.006896548,0.015811,0.0007924007,0.04666185],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006462882,0.0007104701,0.9347469,0.0003260944,0.0001827414,0.0005980117,0.0440081,0.002149952,0.00144983,0.01289263,0.002810789,0.00005978215],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9888234,0.0002649238,0.0001377065,0.0002448631,0.000003822003,0.000007085611,0.00003466464,0.000003997758,0.01047956],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989899,0.0001592382,0.0001236134,0.00003319922,0.000003790383,0.000009943716,0.00002115574,0.000005450547,0.0006536868],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01304784,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04364938,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02058544119306522,"score_gpt":0.2978943990538644,"score_spread":0.2773089578607992,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}