{"id":"W2327902238","doi":"10.1002/cjce.22494","title":"Flow of non‐Newtonian fluids in pipes with large roughness","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Shell Canada","keywords":"Laminar flow; Mechanics; Newtonian fluid; Non-Newtonian fluid; Turbulence; Surface finish; Flow (mathematics); Materials science; Pipe flow; Flow conditioning; Work (physics); Surface roughness; Geology; Reynolds number; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002581976,0.0003370506,0.0003320483,0.0006613649,0.0003768809,0.0004885615,0.000138641,0.0004759215,0.000412487],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007592877,0.0002415642,0.0002237178,0.0003020899,0.0006220056,0.000528696,0.000301885,0.0002724747,0.00009021172],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005514672,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003372785,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003918436,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001771996,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998893,0.00001911416,0.000006957318,0.00002514995,0.00003172906,0.00002782269],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996817,0.0001284942,0.00008233592,0.00002003071,0.00005450185,0.00003296575],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004186335,0.0002602406,0.02967153,0.0001376152,0.00003970759,0.001222284,0.0005181945,0.2898078,0.6512733,0.005644473,0.0008107154,0.02019557],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009455803,0.0005441667,0.04356964,0.00002692186,0.00002012491,0.0002947836,0.0002496465,0.8727328,0.07755314,0.003197026,0.001641935,0.00007533491],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9880072,0.0001532235,0.01074874,0.00006518803,0.00001199908,0.00002210504,0.00003794669,0.000104307,0.000849246],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964167,0.0000662184,0.002925206,0.0000117595,0.000006575364,0.000007832364,0.00003267639,0.000006495066,0.0005265306],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003918436,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007791281,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.002924477583216829,"score_gpt":0.157546365455461,"score_spread":0.1546218878722442,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}