{"id":"W2328140333","doi":"10.1021/ie3036492","title":"Effects of Surfactant and Water Concentrations on Pipeline Flow of Emulsions","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Mixing","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Pulmonary surfactant; Emulsion; Laminar flow; Phase inversion; Turbulence; Volume (thermodynamics); Chemistry; Chromatography; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Organic chemistry; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002021467,0.000120725,0.0001956874,0.00006590042,0.00003164173,0.00002270099,0.0001578145,0.0001645219,0.00007006994],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003257232,0.0001033118,0.00003550718,0.0001530232,0.00005312182,0.00005317997,0.00007106306,0.0004687908,0.000005711637],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004797209,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002034499,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004266654,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.016896e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990218,0.00001276379,0.000250174,0.0001299282,0.0002512674,0.000334114],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992301,0.0003055405,0.00001124387,0.0002230643,0.0001125901,0.0001174256],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004604006,0.00002083912,0.00003673162,0.0002400438,0.00002206393,0.000002393281,0.00007456234,0.06111915,0.9373775,0.00002456174,0.0004789307,0.000598599],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003804971,0.00002076314,0.00005883067,0.0001336846,0.000004521019,0.000001175306,0.00001394077,0.2576866,0.7414456,0.00001183446,0.0001682615,0.00007421728],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988749,0.0001212804,0.0001330893,0.00005113413,0.0001197296,0.0002478128,0.00001703024,0.00005056846,0.0003844261],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995434,0.00005331612,0.00008572404,7.259785e-7,0.0001229149,0.00002667947,0.00001523112,0.00002623556,0.00012575],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1965675,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4212933,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02291740214517144,"score_gpt":0.2518059000418313,"score_spread":0.2288884978966599,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}