{"id":"W2328140333","doi":"10.1021/ie3036492","title":"Effects of Surfactant and Water Concentrations on Pipeline Flow of Emulsions","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Mixing","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Pulmonary surfactant; Emulsion; Laminar flow; Phase inversion; Turbulence; Volume (thermodynamics); Chemistry; Chromatography; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Organic chemistry; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005682628,0.000540243,0.0003361435,0.0002876988,0.0002189223,0.0003886698,0.0001755352,0.0003138252,0.0005336648],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001299429,0.0001714703,0.0002529809,0.0001934956,0.0003620219,0.0004852212,0.0002241078,0.0004380692,0.00009664435],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003830628,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003100705,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001195942,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008482206,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995473,0.0000956873,0.00005407839,0.000100716,0.0001162896,0.00008588962],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991743,0.0003786205,0.0002065405,0.00003481669,0.0001434926,0.0000622091],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001436186,0.0000218809,0.000298769,0.00002551651,0.000003229699,0.00003080859,0.00001917948,0.0001965771,0.998149,0.00001781677,0.000006089542,0.001087583],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005522315,0.0003994303,0.0005587666,0.000002755054,0.000009287238,0.0000158579,0.00001107645,0.0006294433,0.9982001,0.00001158817,0.0001526611,0.000003523324],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965989,0.000442184,0.002454277,0.00002331471,0.00000950316,0.0000205918,0.00006720731,0.00004637337,0.0003376093],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959331,0.0003579723,0.003090784,0.00002582671,0.000006463189,0.00001978101,0.00009946439,0.00002547949,0.0004412071],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001195942,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003005266,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02291740214517144,"score_gpt":0.2518059000418313,"score_spread":0.2288884978966599,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}