{"id":"W2330503964","doi":"10.1139/cjm-2013-0089","title":"Is the GAIN Act a turning point in new antibiotic discovery?","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Microbiology","topic":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Incentive; Antibiotics; Drug discovery; Legislation; Business; Turning point; Action (physics); Public economics; Biology; Economics; Political science; Bioinformatics; Law; Market economy; Microbiology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004203485,0.0001034997,0.0003149069,0.0003159153,0.00005307817,0.0001077474,0.0003548265,0.00009273937,0.001392257],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001170728,0.00008646383,0.0001260276,0.0001183568,0.00009780846,0.0002222726,0.00001990359,0.0003334783,0.0005607732],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001967114,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004875702,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0185178,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01359052,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988625,0.00002745903,0.0005759481,0.0001341821,0.000004328591,0.0003955836],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991583,0.00007515493,0.0003070042,0.0001415481,0.00001774313,0.0003002918],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002662193,0.00004984558,0.3165517,0.00002861323,0.0002970561,0.00006678845,0.004782527,0.0004154198,0.009431747,0.1013341,0.5593314,0.007684244],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001614938,0.000170315,0.05702312,0.00006472848,0.00001141641,0.0005327145,0.0002317308,0.0005700267,0.00139138,0.0584243,0.8795112,0.000454171],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9470059,0.004097907,0.0001076138,0.04171873,0.001108247,0.0001373524,0.00009573282,0.000001573992,0.005726995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9877988,0.0001572857,0.0000837363,0.01104221,0.0003091035,4.006031e-7,0.000002346102,0.00001159599,0.000594581],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3201798,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995206,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03564466512311056,"score_gpt":0.2437712203408189,"score_spread":0.2081265552177083,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}