{"id":"W2332690551","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.12354","title":"Differences in field‐scale N<sub>2</sub>O flux linked to crop residue removal under two tillage systems in cold climates","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GCB Bioenergy","topic":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","keywords":"Crop residue; Nitrous oxide; Tillage; Agronomy; Residue (chemistry); Environmental science; Greenhouse gas; Biofuel; Conventional tillage; Growing season; Crop; Crop rotation; Soil water; Chemistry; Agriculture; Soil science; Biology; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000369806,0.0002393576,0.0002951923,0.0004066938,0.0003167623,0.000423408,0.0002322028,0.0002986416,0.000517177],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003221772,0.0001278191,0.0003164613,0.0002709611,0.0002532051,0.0003922605,0.0002072043,0.0002618201,0.00008027044],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008097012,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003043297,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02353281,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03586206,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998429,0.00001578847,0.00001259257,0.00007134903,0.00002034972,0.00003688357],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993904,0.0001112113,0.0002536402,0.00003687767,0.000115344,0.00009260936],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002208308,0.0003826944,0.7453628,0.00009605301,0.0003067187,0.0001127853,0.0001732118,0.002264038,0.2434535,0.00006064751,0.0002395007,0.005339855],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003626388,0.00008420752,0.9969849,0.000001159775,0.00001130046,0.000008008235,0.00002952437,0.0004153388,0.002387241,0.000006966633,0.00006456815,0.000003199977],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996131,0.00002824939,0.0000743132,0.000003730003,0.000002017951,0.000002617558,0.000184313,0.000003813988,0.00008799489],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990402,0.00002507497,0.00015683,0.00001876595,0.000004111738,0.00001071696,0.0006207521,0.000002993979,0.0001205716],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02353281,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04679167,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01769040429901859,"score_gpt":0.2195019264805943,"score_spread":0.2018115221815757,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}