{"id":"W2332831448","doi":"10.1142/9781860949531_0022","title":"THE SAMPLING BIAS OF HECKMAN'S SAMPLE BIAS ESTIMATOR","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Census and Population Estimation","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Sampling bias; Estimator; Statistics; Sampling (signal processing); Computer science; Sample (material); Econometrics; Mathematics; Sample size determination; Telecommunications; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003448576,0.00008561744,0.0001309578,0.00003593756,0.0001868456,0.00003115627,0.0001022663,0.00004015633,0.0006389274],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001915688,0.00005407282,0.00006521318,0.0001299773,0.00003611699,0.00006365467,0.00002524499,0.00005517259,0.00004293185],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000158617,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005986492,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001180062,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000902767,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991637,0.0000338482,0.0003716668,0.00009434084,0.0001964601,0.0001399888],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973873,0.002043859,0.0001806588,0.0002787766,0.00007248029,0.00003691243],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008492273,0.0001391945,0.04081302,0.0000948208,0.00003339869,4.354445e-7,0.0005720849,0.0004737067,0.0000536378,0.9129884,0.01558601,0.02923685],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005296519,0.00006190671,0.01169078,0.00007265357,0.00005498575,0.00001114372,0.0001921903,0.2800595,0.001021054,0.6623683,0.04364664,0.0002911543],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7289757,0.0002895849,0.2437869,0.002423494,0.0004486128,0.0006007376,0.00003934942,0.0003171017,0.02311849],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8828121,0.0000227585,0.1162413,0.00004123141,0.00005160088,0.000006523858,0.00000642488,0.00001626794,0.0008017305],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2795858,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6995807,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3519929630991769,"score_gpt":0.3751573259062099,"score_spread":0.02316436280703293,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}