{"id":"W2333202500","doi":"10.1021/ac301298g","title":"On the Formation of Highly Charged Gaseous Ions from Unfolded Proteins by Electrospray Ionization","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Analytical Chemistry","topic":"Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Chemistry; Electrospray ionization; Protonation; Electrospray; Chemical physics; Ion; Dissociation (chemistry); Ionization; Mass spectrometry; Crystallography; Computational chemistry; Physical chemistry; Chromatography; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001085815,0.0001554113,0.0001693656,0.00001595416,0.0001188717,0.00002123574,0.0002240448,0.0001604376,0.006214431],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001728548,0.0001189766,0.00009749433,0.0002709208,0.00006338194,0.00008396423,0.00003407493,0.0002670368,0.00003131362],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001045018,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002091839,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003014454,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.582448e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998933,0.00001093135,0.0003098397,0.0001790982,0.0002750424,0.0002921336],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990026,0.0001650294,0.0001682783,0.000480483,0.00006785983,0.0001157052],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001376472,0.0002930543,0.0002424534,0.00004149856,0.00002808644,1.862542e-7,0.00002441576,0.000001233044,0.9657497,0.02363211,0.009858026,0.0001155017],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001297271,0.00001063949,0.00003115171,0.00002573666,0.00004918856,0.000002032181,0.00002791877,0.001800214,0.9896921,0.00358275,0.004515549,0.0001329787],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9040329,0.0001209671,0.008013166,0.002197708,0.000009378777,0.0002077531,0.0002701151,0.0002060725,0.08494196],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975914,0.00002391073,0.0002836346,0.0001001137,0.0001255294,0.0001023746,0.000565419,0.00001836811,0.001189246],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09355852,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.994694,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009616688587863992,"score_gpt":0.2335383170342045,"score_spread":0.2239216284463405,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}