{"id":"W2333623170","doi":"10.1180/minmag.2016.080.051","title":"An overview of rare-earth recovery by ion-exchange leaching from ion-adsorption clays of various origins","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mineralogical Magazine","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":165,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Lixiviant; Leaching (pedology); Leachate; Rare earth; Lanthanide; Chemistry; Adsorption; Rare-earth element; Ion exchange; Extraction (chemistry); Environmental chemistry; Environmental science; Geology; Mineralogy; Ion; Dissolution; Soil science; Soil water; Chromatography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007048303,0.0009587127,0.0007161627,0.003706992,0.000301015,0.0009410877,0.0006140712,0.0006352809,0.001143355],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002616983,0.0004131058,0.0007928258,0.002033714,0.0002325305,0.001291359,0.0004222315,0.0005574027,0.0009801311],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004903019,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004049281,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006786828,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009043704,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996893,0.00004493546,0.00004543914,0.00008766403,0.00009190695,0.00004084488],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997913,0.00006522028,0.00004381983,0.00001309396,0.00007038758,0.00001602322],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000352558,0.0006316045,0.00230395,0.0102584,0.000274939,0.0004060753,0.0002409053,0.002564367,0.4996739,0.001732556,0.001639505,0.4799212],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002957054,0.002575444,0.009287925,0.0007306518,0.0003449165,0.002432609,0.00021274,0.00370371,0.7884312,0.001238119,0.1908708,0.0001422074],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.1484815,0.788689,0.04233632,0.0005106009,0.0001596349,0.0002312823,0.000741679,0.0003851973,0.01846478],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2634244,0.6714568,0.04944001,0.0005043139,0.0002723971,0.0001925083,0.001606555,0.0001148415,0.01298814],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003706992,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003824949,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03631216412226538,"score_gpt":0.2772100951938958,"score_spread":0.2408979310716304,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}