{"id":"W2334049801","doi":"10.1021/ac202290d","title":"β-Galactosidase-Based Colorimetric Paper Sensor for Determination of Heavy Metals","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Analytical Chemistry","topic":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","field":"Engineering","cited_by":296,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Chemistry; Chromogenic; Reagent; Tap water; Detection limit; Metal ions in aqueous solution; Atomic absorption spectroscopy; Metal; Colorimetry; Heavy metals; Chromatography; Trace Amounts; Environmental chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000308764,0.001170208,0.0004346092,0.0004410093,0.0001351464,0.0004749715,0.001062177,0.0008687042,0.0005851352],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003969241,0.0002991377,0.0004146808,0.0004194478,0.0003452511,0.0005142186,0.0004243548,0.0008916228,0.0008187395],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002592746,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002037001,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000157666,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001907959,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999536,0.00006506722,0.00003052223,0.0001000407,0.0002342673,0.00003412152],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997967,0.00004817036,0.00005072674,0.0000175744,0.00005839608,0.00002838993],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001421888,0.0000130806,0.00006041026,0.00005881388,0.000004005943,0.00003542747,0.00000605337,0.0001050897,0.9967895,0.00007278069,0.00005928669,0.002781225],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002608943,0.00006399005,0.0001333385,0.00000396308,0.000006706793,0.0001552074,0.00000539271,0.001612126,0.9962726,0.00004224485,0.001696033,0.000005835282],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4090111,0.01422502,0.5644008,0.0007627596,0.0009824599,0.0002090529,0.0007809749,0.003214051,0.006413763],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6781509,0.008455066,0.3035873,0.0006895037,0.0001542804,0.0002499846,0.001073538,0.0001495203,0.007489912],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001170208,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.001957476,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02503688703138318,"score_gpt":0.2300809985081713,"score_spread":0.2050441114767882,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}