{"id":"W2334899582","doi":"10.2118/179559-ms","title":"Low Tension Gas Flooding as a Novel EOR Method: An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference","topic":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Shell Global Solutions International; CMG Reservoir Simulation Foundation","keywords":"Petroleum engineering; Enhanced oil recovery; Salinity; Residual oil; Permeability (electromagnetism); Surface tension; Relative permeability; Environmental science; Process (computing); Saturation (graph theory); Materials science; Geotechnical engineering; Computer science; Geology; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Porosity","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003793649,0.0003593834,0.0003328816,0.000146119,0.00007709752,0.0001426172,0.0002254335,0.0002438117,0.0002322791],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003268868,0.0002862304,0.0000676741,0.0001318445,0.0002455249,0.0009633754,0.0001020786,0.0002249313,0.00003735055],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001713399,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008786505,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003480652,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001763429,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983432,0.00007664483,0.0003653027,0.0005493517,0.0002199978,0.0004455131],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988489,0.0002770984,0.00007846088,0.0004146103,0.0001100745,0.0002708412],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004886856,0.00002464081,0.00001659907,0.0000361864,0.00001452796,0.000002816814,0.000119281,0.00001200115,0.7900624,0.01198986,0.00002433381,0.1976485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005696496,0.0004155496,0.00006042086,0.0003408072,0.00001592698,0.00004253394,0.0000859233,0.02926928,0.945224,0.02339366,0.0001297437,0.0004524621],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8215048,0.00008108844,0.1715063,0.0001479291,0.0003703205,0.0001657242,0.00002898261,0.0007022285,0.005492665],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9205232,0.0003655772,0.07841183,0.0001532496,0.0001063774,0.00007497889,0.00001058352,0.00007574901,0.0002785014],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1971961,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999959,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01524582349610558,"score_gpt":0.2619694126071043,"score_spread":0.2467235891109987,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}