{"id":"W2335360500","doi":"10.1021/ef400376v","title":"Tailings Pond Surfactant Analogues: Effects on Toluene-Diluted Bitumen Drops in NaHCO<sub>3</sub>/K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> Solution. Part 1: Dynamic Interfacial Tension","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Fuels","topic":"Petroleum Processing and Analysis","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Pulmonary surfactant; Surface tension; Toluene; Adsorption; Chemistry; Asphalt; Gibbs isotherm; Diffusion; Chemical engineering; Chromatography; Organic chemistry; Thermodynamics; Materials science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001314587,0.0002803267,0.0003150465,0.0001187067,0.0001269527,0.0002545529,0.0002336887,0.0002938356,0.0009479767],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004904975,0.000127267,0.0002026455,0.000196443,0.0001808285,0.0002107249,0.0001925777,0.0003541636,0.0001642995],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002985835,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002084756,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00436922,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005514755,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997782,0.00003786436,0.0000246571,0.00003377054,0.00008901364,0.00003646204],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996921,0.0001193985,0.00006636319,0.00001875523,0.00006290527,0.00004042666],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002197717,0.00002643813,0.0003365348,0.00003640152,0.000008618837,0.00003277398,0.0000241445,0.0001492475,0.9983589,0.000005651859,0.000009085908,0.0007924118],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000506731,0.0003328898,0.002011715,0.000001912998,0.000009083934,0.00001639018,0.0000216789,0.0005203368,0.9969586,0.000002353439,0.0001172781,0.000002707139],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992296,0.00017964,0.0001754077,0.0000111072,0.000004217328,0.00001034339,0.0000732655,0.000008873461,0.0003075839],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982285,0.0003037871,0.0006585832,0.00002175636,0.000002816071,0.00001057313,0.000126693,0.000009183099,0.0006380973],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00436922,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008687615,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006423962747818437,"score_gpt":0.2109929734711834,"score_spread":0.2045690107233649,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}