{"id":"W2335796111","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1523544113","title":"Cu isotopes in marine black shales record the Great Oxidation Event","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":121,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"European Research Council","keywords":"Sedimentary rock; Precambrian; Biogeochemical cycle; Geology; Geochemistry; Banded iron formation; Weathering; Sulfate; Phanerozoic; Pyrite; Redox; Authigenic; Environmental chemistry; Seawater; Isotope fractionation; Stable isotope ratio; Paleontology; Chemistry; Oceanography; Cenozoic; Inorganic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001286548,0.00007498264,0.0001084732,0.000117368,0.0001593417,0.00001554189,0.0006993465,0.00006345199,0.0001376272],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002741501,0.00003185204,0.00005810621,0.0004780702,0.0012367,0.0004946225,0.00001108774,0.00009302363,0.000003718823],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003746478,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002400171,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001531819,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007652308,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988262,0.00001585472,0.0002727754,0.0001801281,0.0005577372,0.0001473044],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993591,0.0002701868,0.0002642415,0.000008483351,0.00007483261,0.00002320368],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001874302,0.000008081187,0.9481301,0.000009706544,0.000005479675,7.2152e-9,0.00008031214,0.00001216651,0.006080875,0.004123642,0.0002059595,0.04132491],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001060652,0.00003841807,0.9300889,0.00005120086,0.000003701144,0.000003616081,0.00008697042,0.0002252252,0.009204281,0.06003844,0.0001052055,0.0000479418],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9562543,0.0001632673,7.306333e-7,0.007798233,0.00002335279,0.0001311162,0.00001174731,0.000005150472,0.03561212],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999272,0.00008624508,0.0003803479,0.0000818187,0.0000416474,0.000001747115,8.949591e-8,3.22343e-7,0.0001357399],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0559148,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4556673,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03543705798079241,"score_gpt":0.2682697324665231,"score_spread":0.2328326744857307,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}