{"id":"W2335972602","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1216","title":"Homogenizing effects of cities on North American winter bird diversity","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecosphere","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico; National Institutes of Health; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Geography; Urban ecology; Species richness; Ecology; Urbanization; Beta diversity; Habitat; Alpha diversity; Biodiversity; Dominance (genetics); Species diversity; Abundance (ecology); Relative species abundance; Urban ecosystem; Species evenness; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003425828,0.000129256,0.0001604573,0.000692848,0.0004641666,0.0005994259,0.0001556004,0.0001296146,0.002042608],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001011867,0.0001077273,0.0002374482,0.0007595051,0.0005458905,0.0002573588,0.000606503,0.0001837464,0.00008912528],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005863679,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002509154,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0461459,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1163906,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996179,0.0001250724,0.00001870165,0.00009596907,0.00007036598,0.00007194938],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986935,0.0003176784,0.0003982525,0.0001109908,0.0002388131,0.0002407403],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001026768,0.00001553421,0.9956208,0.000007028483,0.00007050164,0.00003575559,0.0002131744,0.0002355449,0.001087309,0.00006213333,0.0001042995,0.002445234],"study_design_scores_gemma":[4.587021e-7,0.000004928578,0.9997454,6.383539e-7,0.000003990961,0.000006092265,0.0001091631,0.00006659136,0.00001973911,0.000009904144,0.00003242904,6.130086e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994515,0.00003974223,0.00003668415,0.00001607458,0.000001008067,9.939931e-7,0.00007868339,0.000001967153,0.000373522],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998293,0.00001636089,0.00001881657,0.000004662192,0.000002005052,8.934495e-7,0.00006463297,0.000001147542,0.00006215136],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0461459,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09175462,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004770843955566519,"score_gpt":0.1847286454182429,"score_spread":0.1799578014626764,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}