{"id":"W2335972602","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1216","title":"Homogenizing effects of cities on North American winter bird diversity","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecosphere","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico; National Institutes of Health; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Geography; Urban ecology; Species richness; Ecology; Urbanization; Beta diversity; Habitat; Alpha diversity; Biodiversity; Dominance (genetics); Species diversity; Abundance (ecology); Relative species abundance; Urban ecosystem; Species evenness; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000300414,0.00006107715,0.00009602418,0.000006109278,0.0001362589,0.000001649697,0.00009787184,0.00001355294,0.0006020615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003079807,0.00004198026,0.00003488745,0.00006930451,0.0002719106,0.00005897354,0.0002358416,0.00003106046,0.0009662186],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005202747,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001606536,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001380942,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01207873,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996062,0.00002321841,0.00006423383,0.0001207818,0.00007247442,0.000113111],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996771,0.0001453185,0.00005915353,0.000089876,0.00000421275,0.0000243622],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001028464,0.0000253312,0.9898334,0.000005822363,0.00001975872,0.000003194031,0.0003617258,0.00004425293,0.0001542978,0.00005154893,0.003052348,0.006438083],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015831,0.0001449392,0.9986536,0.00001039686,0.000007618194,3.022784e-7,0.00005945022,0.00001549803,0.0005373672,0.0001686836,0.0001817463,0.00006212591],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9885783,0.00001155046,0.0001696437,0.0001613817,0.00009342367,0.00005484615,0.000002503572,0.00002841233,0.0108999],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979688,0.0000319188,0.0001631952,0.0001484384,0.000009534145,0.000003375149,1.901992e-7,0.000005200937,0.001669334],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01194063,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998116,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004770843955566519,"score_gpt":0.1847286454182429,"score_spread":0.1799578014626764,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}