{"id":"W2336201899","doi":"10.1017/s0954394515000101","title":"Not always variable: Probing the vernacular grammar","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language Variation and Change","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Vernacular; Linguistics; Grammar; Variation (astronomy); Spoken language; Language change; Focus (optics); History; Register (sociolinguistics); Prestige; Sociology; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003734994,0.0002771401,0.0002775754,0.001026202,0.001016437,0.004498589,0.0008745477,0.0004085273,0.002074875],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008108616,0.0001685712,0.0001157119,0.001515274,0.006418127,0.002559283,0.002745393,0.000946167,0.0001734561],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00123127,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004494214,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002656222,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005329574,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972022,0.001800132,0.0001212819,0.0004541784,0.0002685726,0.0001536971],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.993049,0.004335858,0.0008358423,0.0008631655,0.0007149127,0.0002010973],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001410579,0.00005092684,0.05401785,0.0001807165,0.00003028195,0.0007737576,0.5681046,0.0006333395,0.01411816,0.3039373,0.001487129,0.05652478],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003096221,0.0004354702,0.1573963,0.000341599,0.00006587982,0.001335994,0.5047653,0.008719065,0.005537404,0.2029532,0.1182579,0.0001609792],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9648851,0.0003492194,0.006618551,0.0007742864,0.00004369406,0.00001877854,0.0000861353,0.00002861578,0.02719557],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986776,0.00004634198,0.0007945697,0.00004788943,0.000008215659,0.000004537546,0.00002848777,0.00001561311,0.0003768327],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004498589,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01975274,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06570246462660008,"score_gpt":0.3066887515908792,"score_spread":0.2409862869642792,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}