{"id":"W2336913291","doi":"10.1130/2012.2486(10)","title":"The importance of spatial thinking for geoscience education: Insights from the crossroads of geoscience and cognitive science","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Geological Society of America eBooks","topic":"Geography Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Earth science; Curriculum; Geologist; Field (mathematics); Cognition; Spatial cognition; Perspective (graphical); Cognitive map; Perception; Variety (cybernetics); Computer science; Data science; Psychology; Geography; Geology; Archaeology; Artificial intelligence; Pedagogy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002647033,0.0002401835,0.0001192278,0.0005568229,0.0009009839,0.003073683,0.0002946173,0.0005918891,0.002578146],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005134957,0.0000937662,0.0001286137,0.0009443617,0.004059603,0.001977626,0.0009739218,0.001569237,0.0002543074],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001170675,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001690877,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002910348,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009643033,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999318,0.00003097306,0.000001944584,0.000008746533,0.00001482311,0.00001172804],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996308,0.0002835296,0.00001666485,0.000008229142,0.00002101642,0.00003974921],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001978238,0.0001157049,0.005813414,0.0004431949,0.000005467726,0.000805709,0.06160149,0.001351967,0.001629209,0.700062,0.02177127,0.2063808],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001201346,0.00005079843,0.0178658,0.0006259494,0.00001126932,0.0009774901,0.05561297,0.002668765,0.0007145652,0.6478546,0.2735872,0.00001862161],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.2069056,0.04049072,0.02026443,0.04401038,0.0004892027,0.00003860216,0.00006965871,0.0001093624,0.687622],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9280068,0.02388822,0.01369644,0.001536583,0.0002433438,0.00004447027,0.00005535861,0.0000333066,0.03249532],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003073683,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008624732,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03451949653999332,"score_gpt":0.3217050998349518,"score_spread":0.2871856032949585,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}