{"id":"W2337315440","doi":"10.1080/09515089.2015.1065314","title":"Knowledge, certainty, and assertion","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophical Psychology","topic":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation","keywords":"Assertion; Certainty; Norm (philosophy); Psychology; Epistemology; Social psychology; Computer science; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002707463,0.0001422091,0.0002272821,0.00007668093,0.0001632874,0.00002273513,0.0001344426,0.0001614027,0.0006653968],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001057786,0.00009165159,0.00006827764,0.00002278454,0.001179961,0.0001092126,0.00004570156,0.0002154195,0.0005428097],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001254615,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001290326,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001299046,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001421306,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989337,0.0001641191,0.0002293163,0.0003479934,0.00007397116,0.0002508388],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991816,0.0002881298,0.0000625649,0.0002523178,0.0001096844,0.0001057321],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004118078,0.0001328813,0.0002237287,0.0000120277,0.00002761066,0.000003857987,0.001417183,7.979859e-9,0.0007337161,0.9809414,0.002426227,0.01404016],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005464102,0.0001672874,0.001169511,0.00001668547,0.00001750259,0.00001117759,0.00002966896,0.000001767857,0.00003378153,0.7967257,0.2011502,0.0001302008],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09329604,0.0009338637,0.0005044607,0.2677391,0.002574121,0.0001977467,0.0000224792,0.0001934879,0.6345387],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928529,0.00012819,0.00003309584,0.002666108,0.002081709,0.0000163194,0.000002804761,0.00001890845,0.002200007],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8995568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7285628,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1623042903670703,"score_gpt":0.3707350493079044,"score_spread":0.208430758940834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}