{"id":"W2338061053","doi":"10.1017/s1366728916000067","title":"Data before models","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bilingualism Language and Cognition","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Appeal; Constraint (computer-aided design); Perspective (graphical); Metric (unit); Computer science; Extension (predicate logic); Feature (linguistics); Field (mathematics); Constant (computer programming); Grammar; Linguistics; Mathematical economics; Epistemology; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Philosophy; Law; Pure mathematics; Political science; Programming language; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006491374,0.001564801,0.001361902,0.002749022,0.002313664,0.0123938,0.003988823,0.00413803,0.2051285],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03495627,0.001274857,0.001778113,0.003873166,0.004126439,0.02163111,0.005267022,0.006238938,0.09147075],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004430971,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004504012,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008922479,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00662923,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9941198,0.002235572,0.0003926959,0.001802376,0.001074136,0.0003754055],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9813821,0.007967755,0.0007657204,0.006731766,0.002491845,0.0006607391],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001616117,0.00006139302,0.001593574,0.0004814501,0.0000608291,0.000176202,0.0009543982,0.002170015,0.0002382485,0.7621245,0.1533751,0.07860278],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003315796,0.00002136034,0.0004967601,0.0003116281,0.00001733853,0.0001170153,0.0006221244,0.003938949,0.0002928926,0.4086602,0.5854519,0.00003665103],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.007546243,0.005228211,0.253809,0.07779194,0.005220108,0.0007583863,0.05805029,0.008274911,0.583321],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2696904,0.0119503,0.2388896,0.03493759,0.003791102,0.002832867,0.1009519,0.01090232,0.3260539],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2051285,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6862232,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06459593596924983,"score_gpt":0.3527950493958555,"score_spread":0.2881991134266056,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}