{"id":"W2338181459","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201600412","title":"Mathematical Simulation of Hydraulic Fracturing of Shale Strata","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings","topic":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Hydraulic fracturing; Geology; Oil shale; Geothermal gradient; Permeability (electromagnetism); Petroleum engineering; Sedimentary rock; Igneous rock; Petrology; Fossil fuel; Geothermal energy; Fracture (geology); Petroleum; Natural gas; Source rock; Geotechnical engineering; Geochemistry; Geomorphology; Geophysics; Structural basin","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001178708,0.00009707846,0.0002131626,0.0001033795,0.00001501252,0.000007283667,0.0001332505,0.00006953511,0.0001671662],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009767743,0.00006440219,0.00007670408,0.0001474607,0.00003715331,0.0001698794,0.00002381683,0.00005895691,0.00001867401],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001769744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005165322,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003973849,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.999391e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992685,0.000001732171,0.000289218,0.0001051351,0.0001909375,0.0001444747],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996493,0.00007240556,0.00006585034,0.00009368827,0.00006925246,0.00004952826],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000465212,0.0002046066,0.01059698,0.004275793,0.0005359414,0.00000340792,0.003322508,0.6077976,0.3315962,0.0008768913,0.0006409243,0.0401026],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004445826,0.00005052194,0.00499619,0.0005456826,0.00006723489,0.000003531133,0.0001574136,0.4061139,0.5830949,0.003419366,0.0008531126,0.0002535666],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9645525,0.00007616772,0.02177337,0.00006957544,0.00002487897,0.00006256473,0.000003417862,0.0001075618,0.01332993],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993306,0.00002040341,0.0004580816,0.000003539698,0.00005238505,0.000003633133,5.759357e-7,0.00001865492,0.0001121018],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2514987,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2626245,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01104737579141135,"score_gpt":0.2286666024553713,"score_spread":0.2176192266639599,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}