{"id":"W2340266359","doi":"10.1111/risa.12603","title":"Modeling U‐Shaped Exposure‐Response Relationships for Agents that Demonstrate Toxicity Due to Both Excess and Deficiency","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Risk Analysis","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Institute of Population and Public Health; Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Toxicity; Categorical variable; Adverse effect; Statistics; Toxicology; Medicine; Mathematics; Pharmacology; Internal medicine; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.03091147,0.001713991,0.001755322,0.002061977,0.0004146628,0.002119879,0.002206325,0.002055896,0.002750299],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05437202,0.0008157515,0.004001124,0.001752732,0.001202691,0.001552197,0.001953702,0.002522991,0.0007380353],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001209055,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001444418,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002732167,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00335178,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9836092,0.01055565,0.0007615823,0.00311264,0.001402894,0.0005580182],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9521793,0.03751944,0.005204089,0.003468525,0.001407731,0.0002208758],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0033479,0.0007459811,0.1346417,0.001845663,0.004177686,0.0008721609,0.0008536836,0.598103,0.02886178,0.03265569,0.003764341,0.1901304],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000244105,0.003590298,0.04925353,0.0003088679,0.001775621,0.001800065,0.0005038369,0.8487723,0.02493592,0.05315429,0.01539389,0.0002672853],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1813932,0.002108942,0.8063015,0.0007071387,0.00007555548,0.0009221842,0.002042914,0.00147153,0.004976929],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8254352,0.0009401548,0.1662657,0.0007454109,0.00002986347,0.001171907,0.001732512,0.0002160048,0.003463403],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03091147,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1634775,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04422287816911805,"score_gpt":0.2679150278516351,"score_spread":0.2236921496825171,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}