{"id":"W2356039722","doi":"10.1080/09645292.2016.1182622","title":"Does ‘compulsory volunteering’ affect subsequent behavior? Evidence from a natural experiment in Canada","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education Economics","topic":"Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Altruism (biology); Natural experiment; Affect (linguistics); Demographic economics; Volunteer; Longitudinal data; Service (business); Psychology; Political science; Social psychology; Economics; Sociology; Demography","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001898215,0.0001014543,0.0001266463,0.00005113026,0.0001001021,0.00004514231,0.0002339091,0.00003638758,0.0003835892],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008256375,0.00007247535,0.00003280041,0.00005644598,0.00004839255,0.0003590806,0.00003058176,0.00006964977,0.00001938928],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004223362,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003269912,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9727399,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9883077,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991274,0.00006833107,0.0002088522,0.000257935,0.00008347943,0.0002539533],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994031,0.0001928722,0.00008220869,0.0001851189,0.00002953388,0.000107141],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001050233,0.00004288924,0.9691079,0.000003867944,0.000007045085,0.000001068253,0.007706742,0.00001104118,0.002800987,0.0004588044,0.0005812459,0.01926792],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002089546,0.00001111862,0.9642658,0.0002039621,0.000008423739,4.394178e-7,0.0136064,0.00007194554,0.008551998,0.0002508535,0.01246297,0.0003571676],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9925279,0.0004122561,0.00001652443,0.001135716,0.0053197,0.0002494251,0.000007679517,0.00002119331,0.0003096185],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981455,0.00018584,0.0001886003,0.0001054671,0.0005129288,0.0001138428,0.000003661956,0.00001118368,0.0007330335],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01891075,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995993,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02428816913551018,"score_gpt":0.2967870635030897,"score_spread":0.2724988943675795,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}