{"id":"W2380211410","doi":"10.1002/cplx.21741","title":"The physics of categorization","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Complexity","topic":"Cognitive Science and Mapping","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Categorization; Abstraction; Computation; Ranking (information retrieval); Computer science; Cognition; Set (abstract data type); Context (archaeology); Process (computing); Entropy (arrow of time); Theoretical computer science; Artificial intelligence; Psychology; Algorithm; Programming language; Epistemology; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000277809,0.00003092211,0.00004269733,0.000008919087,0.0001013302,0.00004541615,0.0003930602,0.000006968069,6.502141e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007844142,0.00002108686,0.00001694225,0.0002776724,0.0001297586,0.0002082858,0.0001663405,0.000028115,0.00001738054],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001149851,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006857463,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002563873,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001000371,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995618,0.00002924279,0.00007043862,0.00009077894,0.0001570613,0.0000906587],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994743,0.00004100674,0.00004538956,0.0002116415,0.0001909734,0.00003668065],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001068785,0.00001429889,0.0005085544,0.000001646238,0.000001861971,2.714747e-7,0.0008257907,0.0000183349,0.0003208647,0.9341986,0.0008882398,0.06322043],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016421,0.00004607575,0.008853845,0.000005200606,0.000001238325,0.000001847627,0.0001991496,0.0804794,0.004964261,0.8968514,0.008350884,0.00008245662],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.007384914,0.00003217702,0.9810154,0.0007342064,0.0002628087,0.00005023283,5.111467e-7,0.00003239039,0.01048733],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957209,0.00000227325,0.004082775,0.00007407501,0.00003920324,0.000001666598,7.327566e-7,9.228822e-7,0.00007747962],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.988336,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08598973,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1880221811040963,"score_gpt":0.307947973421437,"score_spread":0.1199257923173407,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}