{"id":"W2380211410","doi":"10.1002/cplx.21741","title":"The physics of categorization","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Complexity","topic":"Cognitive Science and Mapping","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Categorization; Abstraction; Computation; Ranking (information retrieval); Computer science; Cognition; Set (abstract data type); Context (archaeology); Process (computing); Entropy (arrow of time); Theoretical computer science; Artificial intelligence; Psychology; Algorithm; Programming language; Epistemology; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001401201,0.0004161381,0.0006874164,0.001592432,0.001651203,0.004735681,0.001285012,0.001943795,0.006588324],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005534868,0.0003716271,0.001231533,0.000968756,0.01130452,0.008481044,0.00285167,0.002185439,0.001314724],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002218864,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001252002,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001615862,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006155032,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987124,0.0004020479,0.00006109571,0.0002898592,0.0004284586,0.0001061641],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998168,0.000940752,0.0001252399,0.0004747948,0.0001954426,0.00009562063],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003781823,0.000003091262,0.00005850996,0.00002637019,0.000006127877,0.00001295659,0.00008977788,0.0011678,0.0002093566,0.9949456,0.0005176648,0.002959098],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002346088,0.000003517022,0.00007473185,0.000007113767,0.000001632381,0.00002337075,0.0000156947,0.001968774,0.0000519722,0.9948462,0.003000551,0.000004096965],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05038625,0.01164442,0.6559442,0.02011109,0.0009013826,0.0001550614,0.000550068,0.0004058201,0.2599018],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8798379,0.004779063,0.09296201,0.001938302,0.001088907,0.0003009939,0.0003375543,0.0001508075,0.01860437],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006588324,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02204007,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1880221811040963,"score_gpt":0.307947973421437,"score_spread":0.1199257923173407,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}