{"id":"W23917084","doi":"10.1123/japa.2012-0283","title":"Language Classification: History and Method","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Journal of Aging and Physical Activity","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":312,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Quantitative linguistics; Historical linguistics; Comparative linguistics; Comparative method; Applied linguistics; Theoretical linguistics; Media linguistics; Clinical linguistics; Computer science; Sociology; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001231514,0.0001598019,0.0004589347,0.00007086696,0.0001664619,0.0000289771,0.00006187468,0.00004559278,0.00004138296],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005905802,0.000119172,0.0001199946,0.000006403465,0.0002635473,0.00006083327,0.00003395258,0.0005062128,0.000002127399],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000178518,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009518277,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004997191,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001128894,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993909,0.00004776751,0.000140403,0.0001339944,0.0001903214,0.00009660995],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999076,0.0002854651,0.0003425862,0.00008224399,0.0001312905,0.00008238797],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000075258,0.0004753073,0.000009383661,0.0005342839,0.0005659152,0.0003538937,0.2820134,6.645628e-7,0.0002145166,0.2808727,0.2546663,0.1802183],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001270941,0.0001023615,0.00009465126,0.00008734556,0.0001336018,0.00002829149,0.0003152667,0.00006412755,0.000005725454,0.001124545,0.9977624,0.0001546089],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.007257008,0.01327328,0.0001277594,0.0002781809,0.0009524155,0.000059291,0.00003254996,0.00002087282,0.9779986],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1955198,0.0008090648,0.0003146392,0.0001169939,0.01033895,0.000001363538,0.000003469885,0.00003469414,0.792861],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7430961,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4859692,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05021176925210209,"score_gpt":0.282616775799964,"score_spread":0.2324050065478619,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}