{"id":"W2396168338","doi":"10.1038/ncomms10571","title":"Agriculture causes nitrate fertilization of remote alpine lakes","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Communications","topic":"Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"U.S. Forest Service; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Department of Agriculture","keywords":"Environmental science; Aquatic ecosystem; Ecosystem; Nitrate; Agriculture; Reactive nitrogen; Nitrogen cycle; Water quality; Snow; Environmental protection; Ecology; Nitrogen; Environmental chemistry; Geography; Chemistry; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001639303,0.000208584,0.0001478325,0.0002413738,0.0005587763,0.0004711097,0.0001399241,0.0002701006,0.0006080377],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003580548,0.0001173741,0.000224941,0.0003336571,0.00024891,0.0001585009,0.0003664596,0.0001246209,0.00006960722],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000599216,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003777879,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05128526,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08956452,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999193,0.00001257574,0.000005064746,0.00002612229,0.00002376566,0.00001328627],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998703,0.00002255268,0.00005801569,0.000007685584,0.00002814271,0.00001323936],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002317465,0.00005760415,0.8263069,0.0001102753,0.0001775963,0.0008994177,0.000709023,0.008657033,0.1412055,0.0004447792,0.0007025677,0.02049767],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001674532,0.00006202239,0.9591352,0.00001301938,0.00006751718,0.0002349788,0.0004441922,0.02732108,0.009615625,0.0005498054,0.002523097,0.00001676956],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986045,0.0000846791,0.0002862901,0.00006059996,0.000002739294,0.000001609474,0.0001212806,0.0000361704,0.0008021168],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991674,0.00005707293,0.0004073066,0.00003134777,0.000003028409,0.000001715816,0.0001212022,0.000004878363,0.0002060474],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05128526,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1019735,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01601095758157482,"score_gpt":0.2381726622213009,"score_spread":0.2221617046397261,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}