{"id":"W2396917164","doi":"10.1007/s11783-016-0839-9","title":"Source apportionment of PM2.5 in Tangshan, China—Hybrid approaches for primary and secondary species apportionment","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering","topic":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Apportionment; Environmental science; Pollution; Air quality index; Environmental engineering; Air pollution; Coal combustion products; Coal; Waste management; Engineering; Meteorology; Geography; Chemistry; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001116606,0.0006992925,0.0005711102,0.002254402,0.0006896161,0.0006088295,0.001009696,0.0005462536,0.0008590799],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004784815,0.0002548229,0.001208997,0.0009833585,0.0002636683,0.0005265506,0.0007454786,0.0002299101,0.0001256478],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001802926,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001047818,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1073994,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1679486,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996167,0.00005380948,0.00002059487,0.0001517825,0.00008195674,0.00007498415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997593,0.00004421241,0.0000338516,0.00001804286,0.0001076778,0.00003703263],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001812279,0.0005464272,0.7422744,0.0007515997,0.001208834,0.001601253,0.002272979,0.04329457,0.08555971,0.001690617,0.001132017,0.1178553],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005116695,0.0003571564,0.8284674,0.00004634237,0.0006219617,0.0001605984,0.002866351,0.1441467,0.0190987,0.001700661,0.002385206,0.00009784247],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957852,0.00017401,0.002834992,0.0000437204,0.00001357928,0.00005440168,0.000384053,0.00002765506,0.0006825028],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946802,0.0001241733,0.003514941,0.00002594795,0.000008134767,0.00004614351,0.0005319031,0.000009053015,0.001059338],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1073994,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2135485,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01439944061772357,"score_gpt":0.1953191052569742,"score_spread":0.1809196646392506,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}