{"id":"W2404984931","doi":"10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.04.014","title":"Specifying a target trial prevents immortal time bias and other self-inflicted injuries in observational analyses","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology","topic":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":974,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Jewish General Hospital; McGill University; McGill University Health Centre","funders":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; National Cancer Institute","keywords":"Observational study; Emulation; Randomized controlled trial; Computer science; Medical physics; Research design; Simple (philosophy); Clinical trial; Medicine; Psychology; Statistics; Social psychology; Surgery; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.8894193828691276,"score_gpt":0.6870352047744127,"score_spread":0.2023841780947149,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}