{"id":"W2405248912","doi":"10.1111/imig.12256","title":"Which Child Immigrants Face Earnings Disparity? Age‐at‐immigration, Ethnic Minority Status and Labour Market Attainment in Canada","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Migration","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Simon Fraser University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; University of Ottawa; Simon Fraser University; Cummings Foundation","keywords":"Immigration; Microdata (statistics); Earnings; Demographic economics; Educational attainment; Census; Ethnic group; Demography; Earnings growth; Geography; Population; Political science; Economics; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005167234,0.0001571037,0.0001477335,0.0001255937,0.0002589232,0.00008131706,0.0001977281,0.00009818038,0.0007525454],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005149734,0.0001353376,0.00002956485,0.0003195534,0.00007502739,0.000446381,0.00005528995,0.0001392588,0.00001517951],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001770647,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005175966,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9073458,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.999896,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997975,0.0002436582,0.0003729101,0.0003479354,0.000720815,0.0003396861],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990795,0.0001849333,0.0001864218,0.000132116,0.0002521409,0.0001648753],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006896645,0.00005265327,0.9692802,0.000008848911,0.00002706458,0.000005397,0.00988274,0.00007066761,0.0003746635,0.01044508,0.004592237,0.005191514],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005011812,0.00001352328,0.911168,0.00004614234,0.0000057451,0.000001326338,0.002770629,0.001340217,0.00005890153,0.0002286649,0.08367792,0.0001876859],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9711788,0.0001061282,0.0004243684,0.02289808,0.0004259734,0.0002777793,0.0001439257,0.00003127175,0.004513679],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9861892,0.001655899,0.00007161983,0.0004292133,0.0001286339,0.00003755201,0.00008465627,0.000009333399,0.01139391],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09255018,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8239844,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008119921832194852,"score_gpt":0.2610041555659815,"score_spread":0.2528842337337867,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}