{"id":"W2407690456","doi":"10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00796","title":"Carbonized Lignin as Sustainable Filler in Biobased Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) Polymer for Injection Molding Applications","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering","topic":"Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; Discovery Centre","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico; Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation","keywords":"Materials science; Composite material; Flexural strength; Heat deflection temperature; Filler (materials); Flexural modulus; Lignin; Polymer; Thermoplastic; Cellulose; Carbonization; Izod impact strength test; Chemical engineering; Organic chemistry; Ultimate tensile strength; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005267916,0.0003502601,0.0003520948,0.0001765716,0.0001430509,0.0001859047,0.0004050195,0.0002364705,0.00004728069],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004735185,0.0003845299,0.00008685202,0.0008323213,0.00003448203,0.0005201567,0.0002223455,0.0002503658,0.00001325645],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001581171,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005107897,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001070288,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.017133e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975803,0.00001671421,0.000442051,0.0005338381,0.000325802,0.001101317],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984525,0.0001479937,0.0001285,0.000484167,0.0005381946,0.0002486033],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007046686,0.00002821064,0.00004142688,0.0004957269,0.00001417442,0.00006105846,0.0002408607,0.0170387,0.9807001,0.001109864,0.0001481819,0.00005119583],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001149377,0.00004244605,0.000004455334,0.00003764313,0.00002333559,0.00006617499,0.001826099,0.002432557,0.9872897,0.000435915,0.006255041,0.0004373012],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.991233,0.002697461,0.002302848,0.0001379886,0.0001046475,0.00101617,0.000006417867,0.000377976,0.002123525],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9810211,0.000004591062,0.001958204,0.00002291168,0.0002224341,0.0007269629,0.00004268788,0.00007149208,0.01592962],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01460614,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998606,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007450666582235548,"score_gpt":0.2323041885054888,"score_spread":0.2248535219232533,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}