{"id":"W2409293674","doi":"","title":"Companies with Market Value Below Book Value: Industry Specific Explanations and Implications","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Financial Reporting and Valuation Research","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Value (mathematics); Market value; Market value added; Economics; Financial economics; Business; Econometrics; Mathematics; Statistics; Accounting","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001879129,0.0001309102,0.0001376626,0.0002514236,0.0006046891,0.0002468096,0.0001832678,0.00008740701,0.0002152289],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002160364,0.00008605779,0.00004059686,0.0003223151,0.00009067578,0.0007574091,0.00005603997,0.0008875691,0.00004747987],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002384893,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006971602,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007850428,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000166754,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980757,0.00002809057,0.0002862135,0.000216635,0.0003601812,0.001033226],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999154,0.00008689195,0.0002719027,0.0001745543,0.0002844769,0.00002819715],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006579637,0.00007091225,0.07490678,0.00001337599,0.00008946174,0.000004585308,0.00002602723,0.0000310047,0.0003799709,0.8619031,0.01803224,0.04447678],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001930975,0.0001248328,0.3839027,0.0001831028,0.00009088126,0.0004651068,0.0009726808,0.0004640311,0.00003941574,0.3365139,0.2748101,0.0005021744],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9008885,0.002911296,0.01849,0.04094596,0.0002246674,0.0004796911,0.000006113569,0.0001540977,0.03589969],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9900923,0.001179384,0.00008365481,0.0003503801,0.0007764629,0.00002032344,0.00000415378,0.00002470653,0.007468666],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5253891,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4650841,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0236812906716346,"score_gpt":0.2690735342961068,"score_spread":0.2453922436244722,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}