{"id":"W2418218291","doi":"10.1093/sysbio/syw044","title":"Species-Level Para- and Polyphyly in DNA Barcode Gene Trees: Strong Operational Bias in European Lepidoptera","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Systematic Biology","topic":"Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":198,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency; University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Monophyly; Polyphyly; Biology; Phylogenetic tree; DNA barcoding; Evolutionary biology; Intraspecific competition; Zoology; Clade; Genetics; Gene","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01079217,0.0003226422,0.0005659914,0.003295798,0.0009414258,0.001445412,0.0006287667,0.0007009953,0.0008551955],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02917459,0.0002585339,0.0004355465,0.002546392,0.001858272,0.001546252,0.001271731,0.0006295797,0.0003368902],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003591416,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003110912,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009306414,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00317045,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9860888,0.00553439,0.002091394,0.003388426,0.002439929,0.0004571096],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9635402,0.0207808,0.009377965,0.003059271,0.002600624,0.0006411329],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004744414,0.00005980883,0.8704119,0.0007162062,0.0004738531,0.0005746219,0.007847447,0.0007981415,0.04450585,0.001768408,0.0003725417,0.07199676],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001569203,0.0001442388,0.9769205,0.0002148642,0.0001690648,0.002203458,0.001660604,0.003679703,0.007581594,0.003019966,0.004343458,0.00004700099],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9817868,0.002870597,0.01311022,0.0001027946,0.00002262768,0.00003893311,0.0003314304,0.00004675476,0.001690085],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924453,0.0003964098,0.006307983,0.0001249962,0.00001742851,0.00002516997,0.0004878751,0.00003150642,0.0001633295],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01079217,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05707508,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06165846105136324,"score_gpt":0.2631827144182893,"score_spread":0.2015242533669261,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}