{"id":"W2418878773","doi":"10.5539/eer.v6n1p31","title":"Potential Use of Water Associated with Conventional Oil Production and Sea Water as Base Fluids for Hydraulic Fracturing Operations: Effect of Water Chemistry on Crosslinking and Breaking Behaviors of Guar Gum-Based Fracturing Fluid Formulations","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy and Environment Research","topic":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"California State University, Bakersfield","keywords":"Fracturing fluid; Guar gum; Hydraulic fracturing; Environmental science; Petroleum engineering; Produced water; Submarine pipeline; Fossil fuel; Viscosity; Geology; Pulp and paper industry; Materials science; Geotechnical engineering; Chemistry; Composite material; Engineering; Food science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005553077,0.0001702771,0.0002485334,0.0001583865,0.0002396547,0.00003544693,0.00005974485,0.0001303199,0.0001104071],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004830898,0.00008824496,0.00006339155,0.00003361962,0.0002139374,0.0002156587,0.00006338823,0.0001205389,5.866642e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006010657,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007013876,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001779139,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001377122,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986387,0.0000841576,0.0002932624,0.0002838697,0.0003814023,0.000318617],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995016,0.0001588333,0.00002558821,0.0001975771,0.0000451389,0.00007123526],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001492147,0.00005333979,0.001841821,0.0002022386,0.0001246398,0.000002509449,0.0001535163,0.3584335,0.63766,0.000001087339,0.000003862521,0.001374262],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008684751,0.0001894984,0.001728497,0.0002819138,0.00007718209,0.000003447351,0.00001040797,0.02049172,0.976008,0.00001710381,0.0001926215,0.0001311447],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965171,0.00006316351,0.003048164,0.0002061562,0.00001739385,0.0001040764,0.00001558698,0.00001456602,0.00001386013],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990926,0.0001466125,0.0001283205,0.000004303937,0.00004068504,0.0000611658,0.0001255518,0.00002807058,0.000372697],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.338348,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3598525,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01052751263223811,"score_gpt":0.2344220715905139,"score_spread":0.2238945589582758,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}