{"id":"W2418878773","doi":"10.5539/eer.v6n1p31","title":"Potential Use of Water Associated with Conventional Oil Production and Sea Water as Base Fluids for Hydraulic Fracturing Operations: Effect of Water Chemistry on Crosslinking and Breaking Behaviors of Guar Gum-Based Fracturing Fluid Formulations","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy and Environment Research","topic":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"California State University, Bakersfield","keywords":"Fracturing fluid; Guar gum; Hydraulic fracturing; Environmental science; Petroleum engineering; Produced water; Submarine pipeline; Fossil fuel; Viscosity; Geology; Pulp and paper industry; Materials science; Geotechnical engineering; Chemistry; Composite material; Engineering; Food science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002737984,0.0004085881,0.0002160677,0.0002651805,0.0001746192,0.0003802429,0.000187426,0.0002527917,0.000670292],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000355387,0.0001519073,0.000248752,0.0002395041,0.000148348,0.0005407762,0.0001850392,0.000501413,0.0001131385],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001872383,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002027622,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001049197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003629785,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997633,0.00004461038,0.00002413205,0.00004234039,0.00008599876,0.00003963335],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996992,0.00006667883,0.0001223564,0.00001149302,0.0000632079,0.00003712666],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002125579,0.0001145063,0.001150829,0.0001989418,0.00002107472,0.00008590507,0.00006760551,0.0003435354,0.9915226,0.00004252658,0.00004556348,0.006194436],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005073703,0.001672755,0.004617001,0.00001867662,0.00004812578,0.00005402327,0.00009161291,0.0004651786,0.991884,0.00001449151,0.001118386,0.00001067554],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969243,0.001216153,0.0007176834,0.00003796853,0.00001454083,0.00003324157,0.0001286204,0.00001301264,0.0009145316],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961101,0.001079197,0.001851641,0.00002910102,0.000005165126,0.0000225333,0.0001012484,0.0000100883,0.0007909855],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001049197,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002242327,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01052751263223811,"score_gpt":0.2344220715905139,"score_spread":0.2238945589582758,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}