{"id":"W2432866249","doi":"10.1080/01445340.2016.1186884","title":"Fred Sommers’ Contributions to Formal Logic","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History and Philosophy of Logic","topic":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","field":"Psychology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Bishop's University","funders":"","keywords":"Quine; Epistemology; Philosophy; Subject (documents); Value (mathematics); Classics; Sociology; History; Mathematics; Computer science; Library science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003260289,0.000133682,0.0002218661,0.00008915849,0.0001155638,0.00000262041,0.0002350344,0.0001155258,0.002141385],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001270594,0.0000875578,0.00008271136,0.0001039634,0.0008239914,0.0001230679,0.00006706094,0.00008937886,0.0003408127],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009867659,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002436424,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001115654,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.676066e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988929,0.0001069196,0.0002303076,0.0003064944,0.0001332571,0.0003300946],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991373,0.0001972132,0.00008528335,0.0002781298,0.00006907123,0.0002330241],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001423878,0.0001185827,0.00008174248,0.000006045257,0.00001401352,0.000009429159,0.0004022203,1.810227e-7,0.004028218,0.991899,0.001724557,0.001573588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006251556,0.0005189831,0.00157753,0.00002347171,0.00001664221,0.0000146977,0.00001267232,6.390519e-7,0.0001640778,0.9694698,0.02742073,0.0001556175],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02625494,0.002572058,0.007364061,0.02354959,0.001387206,0.0003315505,0.0002144533,0.00009028996,0.9382359],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966749,0.00001450918,0.0001546503,0.002468177,0.0002112728,0.00002329466,0.000002056981,0.000005557843,0.0004456055],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9704199,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987708,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04953838315809034,"score_gpt":0.2991883807602036,"score_spread":0.2496499976021133,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}