{"id":"W2437837508","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003333","title":"Biofilm growth in gravel bed streams controls solute residence time distributions","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Leading Edge Endowment Fund; National Science Foundation","keywords":"STREAMS; Biofilm; Benthic zone; Biogeochemical cycle; Environmental science; Substrate (aquarium); Hyporheic zone; Flow conditions; Residence time (fluid dynamics); Hydrology (agriculture); Ecology; Flow (mathematics); Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Surface water; Geology; Environmental engineering; Biology; Bacteria","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002138506,0.0001675449,0.000213075,0.0002703057,0.0003490394,0.001008396,0.0001390378,0.0002082557,0.0007587821],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004160344,0.0001896337,0.0001291845,0.0001709006,0.0002604503,0.0002947719,0.0003325726,0.0002667629,0.00008418432],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006065978,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004455935,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01035687,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0145889,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998844,0.00001673143,0.000006762029,0.00003786022,0.00002764914,0.00002657319],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997502,0.00006590618,0.00006176699,0.000008384362,0.00004849996,0.00006522991],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003302172,0.0001043307,0.06360936,0.00004976599,0.00002304677,0.00006369368,0.0002555976,0.001223748,0.9292902,0.0001444785,0.0001043233,0.004801279],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005271011,0.0007402078,0.7671208,0.00003086092,0.00006341309,0.0001006754,0.001084759,0.02682121,0.2024433,0.0003218936,0.001186132,0.00003401127],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996296,0.00005598933,0.0001310154,0.00000649556,0.000001205856,0.000003814542,0.00004074374,0.000003013344,0.0001281579],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992753,0.00006556169,0.0003351594,0.000007931447,0.000001069103,0.000005107194,0.00006353911,0.000002111351,0.0002442318],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01035687,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02059317,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02314862253436909,"score_gpt":0.2938962221397272,"score_spread":0.270747599605358,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}