{"id":"W2461873666","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.12711","title":"Herbicide usage for invasive non‐native plant management in wildland areas of North America","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Ecology","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":70,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; Ontario Forest Research Institute; Algoma University","funders":"Ministry of Natural Resources; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","keywords":"Invasive species; Business; Public land; Land management; Glyphosate; Hectare; Land use; Environmental resource management; Geography; Agriculture; Ecology; Environmental science; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001740373,0.00008019418,0.0002608464,0.0000844294,0.00004334663,0.000001453307,0.0001459467,0.00004014105,0.0001316334],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003079756,0.00005418653,0.00004364338,0.00008877759,0.0002055819,0.00005644011,0.00008345846,0.00006722191,0.00002161648],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001377129,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001339349,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004639382,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004591279,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992627,0.00001905974,0.0003509224,0.0001148386,0.00008068184,0.0001718304],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990516,0.0004130956,0.0004258594,0.000060426,0.0000142902,0.00003477199],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007239713,0.0002458931,0.9807879,0.00002701836,0.0002197815,0.0000489616,0.001131786,0.007250086,0.0007209095,0.0005553808,0.001573112,0.006715229],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001509139,0.0004021107,0.9927817,0.00001229731,0.00002969897,0.000007300554,0.000257653,0.00009051319,0.0002646005,0.003973268,0.0005995216,0.00007222429],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.992384,0.000004781819,0.001442294,0.0004223021,0.00009029112,0.000260555,0.00001057799,0.000001591398,0.005383678],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971576,0.0001666838,0.002198378,0.0003038338,0.0000149198,0.00003238768,0.000001511414,0.000004780262,0.0001199149],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0119938,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2562042,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006730072896489325,"score_gpt":0.2158088650114101,"score_spread":0.2090787921149208,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}