{"id":"W2462190434","doi":"10.7202/1036328ar","title":"Likelihood and its use in Parameter Estimation and Model Comparison","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mesure et évaluation en éducation","topic":"Advanced Statistical Methods and Models","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Likelihood principle; Statistics; Likelihood function; Restricted maximum likelihood; Marginal likelihood; Likelihood-ratio test; Approximate Bayesian computation; Econometrics; Statistical inference; Statistical hypothesis testing; Mathematics; Estimation theory; Statistical model; Score test; Inference; Maximum likelihood; Computer science; Quasi-maximum likelihood; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.06322685,0.003443965,0.005136125,0.009911156,0.001770579,0.008843876,0.005381466,0.004716283,0.01528434],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2590169,0.001887158,0.004844649,0.01142645,0.006236664,0.007914256,0.008989965,0.009091372,0.004859522],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003037847,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00600507,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003917396,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002399278,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9253052,0.05963062,0.003561971,0.00439368,0.006562385,0.0005461537],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.7875809,0.1917405,0.005748318,0.009072229,0.005192387,0.0006656018],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001879019,0.00009306458,0.0034614,0.003410283,0.001326596,0.0005887728,0.001267354,0.08048868,0.0007311139,0.5777482,0.02774913,0.3029475],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005649555,0.0001044691,0.001072818,0.001230308,0.0002715593,0.0006713144,0.0003241126,0.145855,0.001193936,0.7682986,0.08069474,0.0002266426],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.0008794974,0.004293504,0.9883488,0.001209642,0.0003319294,0.0001224585,0.0003865206,0.001310151,0.003117401],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03848719,0.008987602,0.94304,0.0009907206,0.0008317652,0.001623207,0.001177648,0.002921219,0.001940607],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06322685,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3343796,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2795515371743783,"score_gpt":0.4937039575523623,"score_spread":0.214152420377984,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}