{"id":"W2463568031","doi":"10.5539/ies.v9n7p178","title":"The Effect of Using the Constructivist Learning Model in Teaching Science on the Achievement and Scientific Thinking of 8th Grade Students","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Education Studies","topic":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Psychology; Class (philosophy); Significant difference; Achievement test; Scientific literacy; Scientific thinking; Constructivist teaching methods; Critical thinking; Academic achievement; Test (biology); Teaching method; Science education; Standardized test; Mathematics; Statistics; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006174552,0.00006159946,0.00008063646,0.00009893543,0.001951291,0.0001638733,0.0005037367,0.0000116464,0.000002840304],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004498035,0.00002611544,0.00002169577,0.000194909,0.002346999,0.0001327027,0.0001465524,0.0001153006,6.345228e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000234558,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003672179,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001047262,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006054765,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982855,0.0002958241,0.0002135849,0.0001519361,0.0009257409,0.0001273523],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974814,0.001831052,0.0001481247,0.00009933304,0.0004199073,0.00002014786],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001374198,0.00009125702,0.2226138,0.000008250238,0.00005307162,3.5356e-8,0.07145403,0.0001014086,0.00109342,0.6818689,0.00007819833,0.02262398],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001223483,0.0001943783,0.1906683,0.002891538,0.00008755118,0.000003681153,0.4223532,0.00166454,0.008985465,0.3580462,0.01337529,0.0005063916],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9813304,0.0001761879,0.0001949772,0.01574144,0.001397676,0.0001751385,6.202175e-7,0.000005387487,0.0009781525],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987713,0.00007792441,0.0003063659,0.00008380666,0.00003791361,0.00002577688,1.56895e-7,0.000002540967,0.0006942436],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3508991,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999348,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06336130649962167,"score_gpt":0.4539443644540872,"score_spread":0.3905830579544655,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}