{"id":"W2465024443","doi":"10.1177/026119290403201s06","title":"Trends in Animal Use and Animal Alternatives","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Alternatives to Laboratory Animals","topic":"Animal testing and alternatives","field":"Veterinary","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Legislature; Animal welfare; Declaration; Political science; Declaration of Helsinki; Animal testing; Animal ethics; Animal health; Engineering ethics; Environmental ethics; Public administration; Medicine; Law; Veterinary medicine; Biology; Alternative medicine; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005204862,0.0006248402,0.0006424383,0.000913016,0.0002081855,0.00034631,0.0005352852,0.000120608,0.0001955387],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005160643,0.0006172949,0.0001051644,0.001169076,0.0003187889,0.001500191,0.0003956782,0.0004711626,0.0001569014],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002017453,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007491837,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005643843,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001284634,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964719,0.0003173585,0.0006928929,0.001216932,0.0004803156,0.0008206281],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983323,0.0003441472,0.0002741113,0.000407787,0.0002347174,0.000406917],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.005120162,0.0007734615,0.1760358,0.00006497667,0.0002648116,0.003186609,0.01077952,0.0001368846,0.7464514,0.05303282,0.0002409248,0.003912624],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025318,0.00845716,0.9588705,0.0003604356,0.0000293978,0.0001167109,0.001039092,0.0001446515,0.02343517,0.001271296,0.002630651,0.001113171],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954841,0.0005481472,0.00009998524,0.0006760859,0.0001313137,0.0002981487,0.0002663819,0.0002875815,0.002208327],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935519,0.00006998244,0.005099177,0.0005248549,0.0003834633,0.00006855825,0.000009806924,0.0001022277,0.0001899988],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7828346,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996278,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1404518657036317,"score_gpt":0.4003474123839887,"score_spread":0.2598955466803571,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}