{"id":"W2465527009","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b01913","title":"Unconventional Heavy Oil Growth and Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Global Energy and Sustainability Research","field":"Energy","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures; University of Calgary","keywords":"Unconventional oil; Greenhouse gas; Oil sands; Oil shale; Fossil fuel; Environmental science; Shale oil; Shale oil extraction; Coal; Synthetic crude; Natural resource economics; Fugitive emissions; Fuel oil; Peak oil; Primary energy; Environmental protection; Asphalt; Waste management; Climate change; Renewable energy; Engineering; Geology; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002099051,0.0003532538,0.0001311933,0.000662662,0.0001811445,0.000923174,0.0001935657,0.0003490196,0.002807568],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009132074,0.00008128071,0.000225709,0.001423598,0.0005358421,0.001375459,0.0007396219,0.000337706,0.000351204],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001404949,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005071959,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01638987,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02408437,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998389,0.00002673864,0.000005282996,0.00002630442,0.00005041001,0.00005237024],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995564,0.0001098267,0.0001706524,0.0000307499,0.0001070316,0.00002543551],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007103256,0.00009825785,0.6498786,0.0004208163,0.0002432798,0.001638127,0.0006152524,0.1197483,0.02030697,0.08104498,0.003493937,0.1218011],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003839175,0.0002016976,0.658363,0.0003858318,0.0002216132,0.0009723953,0.008369232,0.08893315,0.03635975,0.1297258,0.07631298,0.0001160382],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9511924,0.002553642,0.003513679,0.00188059,0.00004809736,0.00000703848,0.0009134855,0.00004246926,0.03984863],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965274,0.001431962,0.0003879465,0.00005592751,0.0000101591,0.000003480083,0.0002476002,0.000008021326,0.001327363],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01638987,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03258896,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01098674935528129,"score_gpt":0.2537514027007007,"score_spread":0.2427646533454194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}