{"id":"W2466450960","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2016.06.126","title":"Unified behavior of soot production and radiative heat transfer in ethylene, propane and butane axisymmetric laminar diffusion flames at different oxygen indices","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Fuel","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica","keywords":"Soot; Laminar flow; Propane; Volume fraction; Chemistry; Volume (thermodynamics); Diffusion flame; Butane; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Diffusion; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Combustion; Combustor; Organic chemistry; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001842722,0.0003128272,0.0002520836,0.0003839724,0.0002981073,0.000432946,0.0002650589,0.000270105,0.001040243],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004231254,0.0001778104,0.0002244699,0.0001795807,0.0005485302,0.0004772357,0.0002549034,0.0003310396,0.0001144725],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004496889,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002579562,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001940289,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001061093,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999382,0.000008280963,0.000002572685,0.00001820606,0.00001757601,0.00001511819],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998065,0.00008115401,0.00003348002,0.00001628976,0.00003546709,0.00002711571],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002149221,0.0001113487,0.008555595,0.00008099162,0.0000444309,0.0003314625,0.0004512174,0.0502578,0.9219047,0.01040806,0.0003588303,0.005346436],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001013577,0.0002627952,0.03062499,0.00001169016,0.00002203955,0.000119355,0.0001892731,0.5999638,0.3654825,0.002624463,0.0005331205,0.00006461099],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.995486,0.00008415408,0.003120468,0.00002905567,0.000005969036,0.000006876376,0.00008397217,0.00009495948,0.001088585],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999302,0.00002773715,0.0003296314,0.000002501963,0.000001391242,0.000004577605,0.00005759923,0.00001510785,0.0002592815],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001940289,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00385803,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008186075746710894,"score_gpt":0.1966581326154498,"score_spread":0.1884720568687389,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}